AMARANTH

Scientific Name: (Amaranthus spp.)
Family: Amaranthaceae
Duration: Annual
Origin: South-central Mexico
Alternative Names: African Spinach, Indian spinach, Bush greens, Green leaf , Jamaican Calilu

There are many species of amaranth in cultivation. Some types of amaranth are grown for their edible seeds, while others are cultivated for their edible green. Amaranth is widely cultivated in West Africa for its edible greens, particularly in Sierra Leone. The plant is a fast-growing annual which loves high temperatures, to attain its maximum growth of 5-6 feet tall. Amaranthus tricolor is the most commonly grown species in Sierra Leone, preferred for its ability to produce high-quality, tasty greens. Higher yields are obtained from plots fertilized with composted chicken manure, which has considerable amounts of nitrogen, which plays a key role in the development of the plant (especially leaf growth). A side dress of compost is sometimes applied during active growth, especially if plants are allowed to go to seed.

Growing Method:
Amaranth is grown in both the wet and dry seasons in Sierra Leone. Amaranth seed can be either broadcast or transplanted. Both methods are used in Sierra Leone, but broadcast seems to be the most common. This method envelopes mixing the tiny seeds with sand, to attain uniform dispersal when sowing. However seeds are also sown on nursery beds, and later used for transplants. This method is particularly useful in the rainy season, when newly sown seeds are vulnerable to washing away by soil erosion. However, seeds are typically covered with a thin layer of grass mulch to protect them from heavy rains. The mulch is removed after germination. Seedlings are transplanted to rows 12 inches apart, with 4-5 inches between plants. Irrigation is normally required for the dry season crop.

Harvest:
Most Amaranthus cultivars grow rapidly and may be haversted from 30-55 days from sowing, when they reach a height of 1-2 feet. Sometimes the whole plant is uprooted, or plants may be cut back to 6 inches to encourage lateral growth for successive harvest.